the andes a guide for climbers paperback LINK 1 ENTER SITE >>> http://gg.gg/12dms9 <<< Download LINK 2 ENTER SITE >>> http://chilp.it/c0b4870 <<< Download PDF File Name:the andes a guide for climbers paperback.pdf Size: 2059 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook Uploaded: 2 May 2019, 19:27 Rating: 4.6/5 from 670 votes. Status: AVAILABLE Last checked: 1 Minutes ago! eBook includes PDF, ePub and Kindle version In order to read or download the andes a guide for climbers paperback ebook, you need to create a FREE account. ✔ Register a free 1 month Trial Account. ✔ Download as many books as you like (Personal use) ✔ Cancel the membership at any time if not satisfied. ✔ Join Over 80000 Happy Readers the andes a guide for climbers paperback Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. We don’t share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we don’t sell your information to others. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Please try your request again later. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Videos Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video. Upload video To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. To be honest, all the information in this book can be easily found only with better pictures of the route. Some routes in this book don't even have maps. Unless you want general information about climbing routes in the Andes, I wouldn't bother buying this book. Groups Discussions Quotes Ask the Author It features route descriptions for over 300 peaks with over half illustrated by a photo-diagram and full colour maps. To see what your friends thought of this book,This book is not yet featured on Listopia.There are no discussion topics on this book yet.We've got you covered with the buzziest new releases of the day. This is the 4th English edition of the only comprehensive climbing guidebook to the peaks of the Andes. It covers many areas not described in any other source. This new edition has expanded coverage of the whole range, with many new photos and route diagrams plus extended coverage of the ski-mountaineering opportunities in the Andes.The book contains details of how to climb all 100 of the major 6000m peaks in the Andes, plus route information for approximately 300 other peaks. There are over 240 route diagrams, 150 additional photos and 80 sketch maps. http://dodatnojamstvo.com/userfiles/bose-5_1-surround-sound-system-manual.xml the andes a guide for climbers paperback, the andes a guide for climbers paperback book, the andes a guide for climbers paperback free, the andes a guide for climbers paperback edition, the andes a guide for climbers paperback books. Because an unforgettable journey starts with a thorough preparation, find out everything you need to know about climbing the Andes in Patagonia in this guide ABOUT THE AUTHOR The author John Biggar is a professional mountaineering instructor based in Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Since those days John has done little nuclear physics but has been climbing and ski-mountaineering in the Andes a lot. He has climbed many of the highest peaks, including 19 of the 20 highest, made over 100 ascents of 6000m peaks, plus 180 ascents of Andean 5000m peaks. He has made first ascents of six 6000m peaks and also made the first ski descent of Domuyo, the highest peak in Patagonia. A professional mountaineering instructor, he runs a business which specialises in mountaineering, skiing and ski-mountaineering expeditions to South America. Or call 1-800-MY-APPLE. If you add this item to your wish list we will let you know when it becomes available.It covers many areas notThis new edition has expandedThere are over 240Polish and Czech.Khutaza Park, Bell Crescent, Westlake Business Park. We can notify you when this product is available: The best ski-mountaineering peaks in over 10 areas across 5 countries. Over 200 diagrams, 270 photos and 80 maps. This is the 5th English edition of the only complete guidebook to the peaks of the Andes. Previous editions have been translated into French, Spanish, Polish and Czech. The author, John Biggar (pictured left), is a very experienced high-altitude mountaineer who has been climbing and skiing in the Andes for 30 years and has made ascents of over 350 peaks higher than 5000m. The best ski-mountaineering peaks in over 10 areas across 5 countries. The author, John Biggar (pictured left), is a very experienced high-altitude mountaineer who has been climbing and skiing in the Andes for 30 years and has made ascents of over 350 peaks higher than 5000m. http://farcornersafaris.com/Uploads/bose-501-v-manual.xml Click Here Sign up for our newsletter All the latest deals, new releases, blog articles and more. Your IP-address has been detected by our bot-filter and has therefore been temporarily blocked. To remove the block, please click on the button below and we will undo this action. The site is still available to you, however some sections of the site may appear broken. We would encourage you to move to a more modern browser like Firefox, Edge or Chrome in order to experience the site fully. It covers many areas not described in any other source. The author, John Biggar, is a very experienced high-altitude mountaineer who has been climbing and skiing in the Andes for 30 years and has made ascents of over 350 peaks higher than 5000m. The 5th edition includes route information for all 100 of the major 6000m mountains, plus over 300 other peaks. With over 200 diagrams, 270 photos and 80 maps it also gives the best ski-mountaineering peaks in over 10 areas across 5 countries. Enter your postcode and search for your nearest Hive network shop. VAT number: 444950437. Registered address: 1 Whittle Drive, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN23 6QH. Please note Si tienes algunas preguntas sobre la sistema paypal por If you are still Then click on Plus five (unseen) Published February 2020. Packed with photos, maps and This chapter includes famous peaks This chapter does not All the 6000m peaks plus many 5000m peaks from 23?S All the 6000m peaks plus many 5000m peaks from 29?S All the major 4000m peaks plus Des milliers Vous pouvez commander des exemplaires de ce guide directement a l'adresse si Enfin, vous trouverez aussi plein d'informations Los 102 picos Popisy vystupu na Bohate informace take pre ANDES, 37a St Andrew Street, Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, DG7 1EN. Scotland. Telephone 00 44 1556 503929. John Biggar is the sole proprietor of In this case we will replace Please phone or email first to Please phone or email us first to arrange a return.We do not use cookies. https://labroclub.ru/blog/3g3hv-manual Please try again.Please try again.It features route descriptions for over 300 peaks with over half illustrated by a photo-diagram and full colour maps. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. It also analyses reviews to verify trustworthiness. Learn more Please try again.Please try again.Discount by Amazon. Discount by Amazon. Use code CB10JUL this July (minimum spend of AED 150, max discount of AED 50) when using Citi Mastercard credit card.It covers many areas not described in any other source. With over 200 diagrams, 270 photos and 80 maps it also gives the best ski-mountaineering peaks in over 10 areas across 5 countries. Use code CB10JUL this July (minimum spend of AED 150, max discount of AED 50) when using Citi Mastercard credit card.To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. There are over 240 route diagrams, 150 additional photos and 80 sketch maps.Because an unforgettable journey starts with a thorough preparation, find out everything you need to know about climbing the Andes in this guide !ABOUT THE AUTHORJohn Biggar is a professional mountaineering instructor based in Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. A professional mountaineering instructor, he runs a business which specialises in mountaineering, skiing and ski-mountaineering expeditions to South America. Szczegoly Ebooka przeczytasz w aplikacjach Legimi lub dowolnej aplikacji obslugujacej format: EPUB Liczba stron: 520 Oceny 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 Wiecej informacji Wiecej informacji Oceny przyznawane sa przez uzytkownikow Legimi, systemow bibliotecznych i innych serwisow partnerskich. Przyznawanie ocen premiowane jest punktami Klubu Mola Ksiazkowego. http://esxpublishers.com/images/bose-wave-radio-awr1g1-manual.pdf Recenzje ( 0 recenzji ) Zaloguj sie, aby dolaczyc do dyskusji Podobne Northern Peru: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Southern Peru: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Puna de Atacama: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Maule and the Lakes District: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar The High Andes: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Patagonia: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Ecuador: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Venezuela and Colombia: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Bolivia: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar Cordiellera Occidental: The Andes, a Guide For Climbers John Biggar BESTSELLER Powrot z Bambuko Katarzyna Nosowska BESTSELLER A ja zem jej powiedziala. Katarzyna Nosowska Tenis - Sekrety Gry Mentalnej Jan Stanski, Pawel Habrat Twilight in Italy David Herbert Lawrence Voyage autour de ma chambre Xavier de Maistre Travels through France and Italy Tobias Smollett The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin through Wales Giraldus Cambrensis Expedition nocturne autour de ma chambre Xavier de Maistre Un pelerin d'Angkor Pierre Loti Jerusalem Pierre Loti Fragment DISCLAIMER Mountaineering is an inherently dangerous activity. The author accepts no liability whatsoever for any loss, injury or inconvenience resulting from the use of this guide. Mountain conditions, especially routes on glaciers, can vary dramatically from one season to the next; always seek local advice on current conditions. Front cover photo: Volcan Llaima from the peak of Sierra Nevada, Lakes District, Chile. Front cover inset photos, L to R: Climbing the S face of Palomani, Bolivia. The summit of Cazadero, Argentina. Skiing Volcan Lanin, Argentina. Title page photo: Espeletia flowers on Pan de Azucar, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia. Photo below: Parinacota and Pomerape from high on Volcan Guallatiri, Cordillera Occidental, Chile. http://www.gradur.ba/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16271fc5eac330---braun-vista-pump-manual.pdf INTRODUCTION The Andes are one of the world’s greatest mountain ranges, second in height to only the Himalaya. The range extends the full length of the west coast of South America, often rising straight from the Pacific. Much of the range consists of an upland plateau from 3000-4500m high with scattered mountain ranges and isolated volcanoes rising to over 6000m. The Andes offer mountaineers an experience that is in many ways half way between the European Alps and the Himalaya. In terms of height, difficulty and access the Andes fall somewhere between the relatively civilised mountains of Europe or North America and the wild peaks of Asia. They are an ideal destination for experienced mountaineers aspiring to greater heights or remoter peaks without the bureaucratic problems of a Himalayan expedition. Within the Andes you can choose from a complete range of mountaineering experiences. There is something for everyone, from easily ascended volcanoes to desperate ice faces. Peru and Bolivia are countries still steeped in the culture of the Incas, but Chile and Argentina are modern nations very much like a part of Europe. The Andes of Venezuela and Ecuador rise from tropical forests, those of northern Chile rise above the driest desert in the world, those of Patagonia from some of the wettest temperate forest and largest temperate ice-caps in the world. SCOPE OF THIS GUIDEBOOK This fourth edition of this guidebook covers the whole of the Andes range. Included are details of how to climb all the major 6000m peaks and the most accessible and popular 5000m peaks, plus information on a selection of the most popular and prominent of the mountains of Patagonia. This edition has extended coverage of the ski-mountaineering opportunities in the range. This guidebook is intended for the average mountaineer who wants to climb some prominent peaks by moderately interesting routes. baocaosudanang24h.com/uploads/image/files/content-grabber-manual.pdf In most cases only the easiest ascent route for any peak is described in detail, with other harder routes being described where they are climbed relatively often. The majority of more technically difficult routes are not detailed, but references to where this information can be obtained are given. This guidebook assumes a basic ability to route find in high mountain terrain and as a consequence fairly brief descriptions are given. A mixture of maps, photos and sketches are used to illustrate the routes as appropriate. Information is as reliable and accurate as possible. But because this guidebook is a compilation of information from many hundreds of sources and contains over ten thousand items of information complete reliability cannot be guaranteed. Personal experience or the knowledge of close friends was used for the vast majority of the routes described. Other reliable sources have been used for most of the other routes. One such route description from our second edition was used successfully to make the first ascent of an unclimbed 6000m peak. Hopefully this edition will also inspire further exploration - please let me know what you find out there. This guidebook is intended to be used along with a good travel guide to the countries concerned which will provide more general information about public transport, hotels, etc. USING THIS GUIDEBOOK The mountains of the Andes are described from North to South, split as logically as possible into ranges and areas. Where necessary a secondary West to East order has been used. There is an introduction for each chapter detailing general conditions. The facilities (particularly those useful to climbers) in base towns and cities are described where appropriate. TIMES Timings (in days) given in the peak heading bars are for a return trip to climb the one named peak approaching from the base camp or town listed in the access section. Climbing several summits in one area will obviously save on approach times. https://1sis.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16271fc6893773---braun-welch-allyn-thermoscan-6014-manual.pdf Because acclimatisation is so crucial at altitude and varies so much between individuals it is difficult to please everyone. For example high but easy and accessible peaks like Pissis and Ojos del Salado, which are both given 4 days in this guidebook, have been climbed from sea level in 24 hours by exceptionally acclimatised people, but each could take a week or more for slower acclimatisers. These allow for no delays in travelling to the mountain and as much use of 4x4 vehicles as possible. They allow for no route finding problems and no spare days for bad weather, but do allow for further days of acclimatisation high on the mountains if these are thought to be necessary for the average climber. To be sure of a successful ascent it would be wise to plan an extra day or more to allow for bad weather, route finding problems or other unforeseen circumstances. Extra days will almost certainly be needed if relying on public transport. Times given within the text descriptions (usually in hours) are for ascent only. NAMES Names used in the descriptions are normally those used on the recommended map, however there are several spelling systems for translating Quechua and Aymara names via Spanish into English. The system used is the one (consistent with the Spanish alphabet) where HU is used for W and either C, QU or Q is used for K. Alternative names and spellings are given if they are in common use. Translations are given where these are available but many mountain names are not translatable. HEIGHTS When possible the height used by the relevant national military mapping agency (IGM) is given. In the case of border peaks on the Chile-Argentina frontier precedence has normally been given to the Chilean heights as their surveys are more recent, more extensive and probably more accurate. Other sources include Neate’s reference book and the 2000 SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data. https://lakecountyoralsurgery.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16271fc76b6faa---braun-wheelchair-lift-manual.pdf The SRTM data has been used to improve the heights of some previously poorly surveyed peaks. The accuracy of any given SRTM height measurement is about 10m. However the data cannot give accurate peak heights since it is based on a 3 second (c.100m) grid. Although the data is fairly useful in areas of low relief (e.g. Puna de Atacama) it is of limited use in areas of high relief like Peru and Bolivia and in areas of extreme relief there is usually no data. In general the SRTM data has only been used in two circumstances 1. When it gives a higher height than accepted surveys (this gives at least a new minimum value for the height) or 2. When it indicates a height that is at least 50m lower than the IGM or previously accepted height. I have received much help over the years on interpreting this data from both Jonathan de Ferranti and Eberhard Jurgalski. These alpine grades should be found consistent in any one range but because of the variety of information sources used there may be some variation between ranges. Split grades denote either some uncertainty or mountains where conditions are variable.No attempt has been made to grade for this, but a glance at the height and number of days needed to climb a peak will give an indication of the effort needed to reach the summit. An indication will be given in the text whether a route is mainly on rock, snow, glacier or on mixed ground.GRADE VARIATION The grades given in this guidebook are for good normal conditions and any variation is likely to make routes harder. These effects are particularly severe in El Nino - La Nina cycles; e.g. in summer 1997 the Peruvian ranges were swamped by large quantities of snow and many routes became dangerous, then in summer 1998 there was virtually no snow and many peaks in Peru and Bolivia were bare and icy (and therefore harder). BANHTRUNGTHUVIP.COM/upload/files/content-creator-plus-manual.pdf The single biggest factor in these variations is probably the quantity of off-season (winter) snowfall, but the weather patterns of the last month or two will also have an effect. The climatic disturbances of El Nino may also have been to blame for the irregularities experienced in 2002-03 and again in 2010. The simple and sensible solution is to obtain recent local reports on the condition of a peak before attempting it. PHOTO-DIAGRAMS AND SKETCHES Arrows indicate the approximate line of a route. Where a route is not shown on a mountain it is for one of two reasons. Either it is because the mountain is climbable with the same degree of difficulty pretty much anywhere, or because the route is on the other side of the peak and a photo of the route was unavailable. GPS CO-ORDINATES At altitude, when skiing and particularly on the Patagonina ice-caps the use of a GPS is highly recommended. With a record of vehicle and camp locations and other major route finding waypoints a safe descent should be possible even in bad weather. Whenever possible GPS co-ordinates have been given for base camps, road-ends, higher camps and summits. These have been given to the nearest arc-second, i.e. about 30m on the ground. As with the sketch maps these are intended to help with general orientation only and are not intended to be a complete set of navigational waypoints. Some peaks may require as many as twenty waypoints. MAPS The sketch maps are intended to help with general orientation only and are of very limited use for navigation. Not all mountains, rivers, glaciers etc. are shown. A vehicle track may only be passable to a high wheel base 4x4, a walking route does not imply that there is actually a path and a campsite sign does not imply that there is any water (there certainly won’t be any hot showers!). Please refer to the text for more specific information about route conditions and facilities. All maps have north at the top. WHERE TO GO AND WHEN TO CLIMB Please refer to the table on the following page which contains a quick reference summary of the different areas including the best times to travel, reliability of weather and conditions in the best season, type of peaks and accessibility. Unfortunately, at the best times of year peaks will be busiest. When choosing where and when to climb in the Andes one of the main considerations is the climate. Two main factors determine the best climbing seasons in South America. South of the Tropic of Capricorn (the Puna de Atacama and anywhere further south) the best time to climb is the southern hemisphere summer. In the tropical areas covering the remainder of the Andes the best time to climb is in the dry season. This occurs in the hemisphere winter for the area concerned - i.e. around July for Peru and Bolivia and around January for Colombia and Venezuela. There are two transition zones with less well defined seasons - Ecuador is wet most of the year and the Atacama area is dry all year. If you want to see llamas, traditional costumes and bustling markets then go to either Peru, Bolivia or Ecuador. If you want a modern country and infrastructure with big air conditioned buses and supermarkets go to Chile or Argentina. Venezuela and Colombia are about half way between these two extremes. This advice should be treated only as a useful generalisation as all the Andean countries are a bit of a mixture between the old and the modern. GENERAL ADVICE FOR TRAVEL TO THE ANDES VISAS At present visas are not needed by most US, Canadian and EU citizens for short stays (up to 60-90 days) in any of the Andean nations. French, Spanish and Portuguese citizens need visas for some countries and Australian, New Zealand and South African citizens will need visas for most countries. Other nationalities may need visas for some or all of the countries. The requirements are sure to change so it is best to check with the embassy in your country. FLYING TO SOUTH AMERICA Further details of how to get to each area of the Andes are given in each chapter. There are only a few direct flights from London to South America, e.g. Bogota, Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo. From Europe and the UK there are three main options. 1. Fly with a European airline via a European capital e.g. Air France via Paris, KLM via Amsterdam, Iberia via Madrid or Lufthansa via Frankfurt. This is often the best option in terms of service and economy. 2. Fly with either United, Delta or American Airlines, via the USA. This is usually a bit more expensive and a bit more time consuming, but there are daily schedules to almost all big South American cities. 3. Fly with a South American airline, either direct or via some other South American city. These flights are usually cheap but the service (with the exception of LAN) is not always reliable. However, you may get a very good deal with a South American airline if you also need an internal flight in the country concerned. In Europe, the cities of Madrid, Paris, Milan and Frankfurt are well served by LAN and Avianca. From North America the cheapest option is often to fly via Miami or Atlanta which are served daily by all the major national South American airlines and United, Delta and American Airlines. These three also have daily services from New York, LA and Houston to many South American capital cities. There are also some direct flights from Toronto on Air Canada. BUDGET AND MONEY South America is not particularly cheap. On the whole it is not expensive either, but expect to pay prices similar to those in the US or Europe for many services, particularly in the more expensive countries like Chile and Argentina. Public transport everywhere is usually a bargain. If you need to save money you can use budget hotels and eat from street stalls, but on an expedition with specific mountaineering objectives these measures may be counterproductive if you end up ill or have all your equipment stolen. Cash dollars can be used readily in some countries and may get you a better exchange rate in countries like Argentina and Venezuela with poor financial systems. They can almost always be used if you’re stuck for local currency. Credit cards are accepted widely by larger businesses in all cities. ATM’s are now widely available in all the main cities. SPANISH The more Spanish you speak the easier your trip to South America will be. Some knowledge is essential. Only in Cuzco and a few other tourist centres is much English spoken. Out in the mountains there is no chance of finding anyone who speaks English. It is a fact that people with poor Spanish are more likely to be charged inflated prices by muleteers, drivers etc.You have to be able to negotiate and make yourself understood to get good prices, good service and to make friends. Make the effort. ACCOMMODATION This guidebook does not list recommended hotels in the access towns and cities, for which a regular travel guide will be necessary. Camping is not a safe or practical option in South American cities. SECURITY The author has witnessed only one theft in twenty years of travelling in South America. The overwhelming majority of Andean people are friendly and honest. You should not be paranoid about rip-offs, just sensible. Don’t get drunk, wander into poor parts of towns, walk down quiet alleys or walk alone at night. If you do any of these things you may get ripped off - if you do more than one you are almost sure to be ripped off. Be especially careful in markets and at bus stations and anywhere that there are lots of tourists. Take taxis round town if arriving late or leaving early or if you’ve lots of luggage. Never put a bag down in the street. Keep your camera hidden. Armed robbery and banditry, often linked to the drug trade, does occur occasionally in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia but is extremely rare in Chile and Argentina. This is not a problem that should stop you going to South America but take local advice about the current situation and avoid any dangerous areas. In the mountains there are occasional problems with organised theft of large amounts of climbing kit. The Ecuador peaks, the Q. Ishinca and Alpamayo base camps in the Cordillera Blanca, and the Zongo pass in Bolivia are the areas which have been troubled in the past. In these areas you should consider hiring someone locally to watch your tent. In Chile and Argentina and all quieter valleys in Peru and Bolivia, or above the snow-line anywhere, there is virtually no problem. A more minor problem in some areas is petty theft and pilfering, so never leave any belongings outside your tent when it is unattended during the day or at any time overnight. The South American Explorers Club is a good source of up to date information on security issues. Visit their offices in Quito, Cuzco or Lima or their website at www.saexplorers.org ACCLIMATISATION AND ALTITUDE Anyone travelling to the Andes must make themselves aware of the symptoms of altitude sickness, both mild and severe. A good idea is to first spend three or four nights at 3000m - many towns and base camp areas in the Andes are at this height. Then spend three or four nights at 4000m, then think about moving to 5000m for two nights and only then attempt a 6000m peak. Spend the first day at each new camp resting. If anyone in the group is ill at any time stop ascending and if the illness persists for more than 24 hours, descend to your last camp. While your body gets used to the altitude you can climb lower peaks, trek, or enjoy the cultural and archaeological sites that are numerous in the Andean nations. After camping for an extended time at 5000m or higher it is a very good idea to descend (e.g. to 3000m) to allow your body time to rest and recover. Fitness, particularly heart and lung fitness, certainly helps at high altitude. However, fit people are just as susceptible to altitude illness because they can do so much more. This means some time sitting around in camps, so bring a good book, a pack of cards, or a pair of binoculars. HEALTH For most of the countries concerned the following immunisations are advisable: Tetanus, Typhoid, Polio and Hepatitis. The vaccine for Cholera is generally not very effective. Yellow fever and Malaria precautions are only needed if you will be below 2500m in forest areas i.e. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and the Amazon side of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. Remember the problems of cold injury, both frostbite and hypothermia. Above 6000m it is difficult for the body to generate enough heat to keep warm, so good insulating layers are necessary. Peripheral circulation is impaired at altitude so good gloves and warm boots and socks are essential. Biting insects are very rare in the mountains, but there are very occasionally problems in Peru with black flies or Patagonia with mosquitos. Dogs can be a nuisance, particularly in Peru and Bolivia - to chase them away throw a stone towards them or pretend to throw a stone - some dogs will even back off if you just pretend to pick up a stone. Water will need to be purified at all busier camps and in all villages and settlements. Boiling for two minutes is by far the best, cheapest and safest method. Iodine or Chlorine Dioxide tablets or drops are probably the next best method for mountaineers. Specially designed water filters may clog up rapidly in silty glacial water, are hard work to pump at altitude and are heavier to carry. A basic medical kit should be carried with plasters, blister kit, needle and thread, spare lip-salve, scissors, strong safety pins and drugs for diarrhoea, headaches, coughs and perhaps altitude sickness. On more remote trips consider antibiotics, antihistamine, strong painkillers, eye-drops and an anti-inflammatory. Carry some bits and pieces for general repairs to non-body parts, e.g.